Phase Formation and Microstructure of (Ba0.6 Pb0.4)TiO3 Powders Prepared via the Combustion Technique

Abstract

In this work, the effect of calcination temperatures on phase formation andmicrostructure of (Ba0.6 Pb0.4)TiO3, (BPT) powders was investigated. BPT powders wereprepared via combustion technique by using urea as a fuel. The raw materials were heated atvarious calcination temperatures ranging from 700 to 1,150 oC for 2 h at a heating/coolingrate of 5 oC/min. Powder samples were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that a second phase such as PbO2, BaCO3,and TiO2 was detected in the powders calcined below 1,100 ??C. A single perovskite phase ofthe BPT powders was found with calcination temperatures above 1,100 ??C. The latticeparameter c and c/a ratio increased while, the lattice parameter a decreased with increasingcalcinations temperatures. The TGA-DTA results corresponded to the XRD investigation.The particle size tended to increase with increasing calcining temperature.

Keywords: Ferroelectric Perovskite, Barium Lead Titanate, Combustion Technique, PhaseFormation